The papers include correspondence, photographs, and articles written by I︠U︡zefovich on the defense of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War. Also included are scrapbooks relating to his life and career; and printed material.
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Austin Strong papers, 1890-1961 4300 items
Correspondence, manuscripts, diaries, commonplace books, drawings, photographs, and printed materials. The collection is a comprehensive documentation of the dramatist's career and includes manuscripts, typescripts, notes, and costume and scenic design for more than seventy of his plays and related writings; 31 diaries, commonplace books, and scrapbooks containing manuscript and typescript notes, travel sketches, original drawings, and photographs; and correspondence files including letters from Harley Granville-Barker, Sir Herbert Beerbohm-Tree, John Galsworthy, Booth Tarkington, and Thornton Wilder. Austin Strong's mother, Isobel Field, was the step-daughter of Robert Louis Stevenson. Consequently, the collection contains much Stevensoniana, including photographs and Isobel Field's letters from Western Samoa, where she was known as "Teuila." Also, correspondence and photographs relating to Cornwall Park, Auckland, New Zealand, which was designed by Austin Strong.
Bennett Cerf papers, 1898-1977 52 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, memorabilia, photographs, phonograph and tape recordings, and printed files. Included are Cerf's personal correspondence files, 1929-1945, and the diaries and scrapbooks which he maintained from his school days throughout his active career. The diaries, in date-book format, contain terse notes on Cerf's meetings with authors and friends, on his travels and publishing activities; the scrapbooks contain correspondence and photographs, as well as memorabilia and printed items, and were annotated by Cerf and his wife, Phyllis Fraser Cerf Wagner. Also in the collection are manuscripts and proofs for Cerf's books including "The Laugh's on Me""Treasury of Atrocious Puns""The Sound of Laughter""Stories to Make You Feel Better", and "At Random: the Reminiscences of Bennett Cerf", which was edited by Phyllis Cerf Wagner and Albert Erskine, 1977. The papers also include condolence letters written at the time of Cerf's death, photographs and photo albums,certificates and awards, and miscellaneous printed material, including Random House and Modern Library catalogues. Among the major correspondents are: Truman Capote, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Edna Ferber, Moss Hart, J. Edgar Hoover, Hubert Humphrey, Lyndon B. Johnson, John Lindsay, Joshua Logan, John O'Hara, Jacqueline Onassis, Richard Rodgers, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Gertrude Stein, Adlai Stevenson, Harry Truman, and Robert Penn Warren
Correspondence, minutes of meetings, financial records, publications, notes, subject files, awards, speeches, reports and audiovisual materials document work by the Church Peace Union, its successors Council on Religion in International Affairs and Council on Ethics and International Affairs, and related organizations such as the World Alliance for International Friendship Through the Churches. The first installment of the CCEIA archival materials came to the RBML in 1974, with numerous additions over the years. A major addition in 1982 contained primarily the records of the Board of Directors and their semi-annual meetings, as well as the various programs and institutes of the Council, for the years 1972-1982, along with selected 1930s materials. 1986 addition contains presidential correspondence files, minutes of the Board of Trustees and committees, special projects, programs and conferences files, and the business and editorial files of "Worldview". Correspondents include John Foster Dulles, Jane Addams, Fiorello La Guardia, and Paul Tillich. 1990 and 2000 additions includes files of CCEIA presidents and vice presidents, paper and audiovisual materials on Merrill House Conversation Programs; Educational programs; International Monetary Fund/Lecture series; The Annals Of The Academy Of Political & Social Science; Washington Consultations; Colloquia for the Clergy; Church State Project; Asian Development & The Carribean Initiative; Korea: Year 2000 Project; fundraising files, printed materials and files of the Department of Publications.
Daniel Gregory Mason papers, 1894-1953 35 linear feet
Manuscript materials which include correspondence, business papers, composition scrapbooks and musical scores; books; clippings; records; and photographs.
Edmund Clarence Stedman papers, 1840-1960 120 linear feet
Personal and professional papers of Stedman, including correspondence, letter books, diaries, poetry manuscripts, scrapbooks, photographs, and genealogical materials for the Stedman and Dodge families. Correspondence and manuscripts of his mother, Elizabeth Clementine Dodge Stedman Kinney (1810-1889), poet and diarist, and of his granddaughter, Laura Stedman Gould (1881-1941), author and editor. Also, editions of Stedman's LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE including printed materials relating to the marketing; and an album of Civil War photographs by Mathew Brady, inscribed by the photographer to Laura H.W. Stedman as well as additional loose photographs by Brady.
Edwin H. Armstrong papers, 1886-1982, bulk 1912-1954 295.7 linear feet
Professional and personal files including Armstrong's correspondence with professional associations, other engineers, and friends, his research notes, circuit diagrams, lectures, articles, legal papers, and other related materials. Of his many inventions and developments, the most important are: 1) the regenerative or feedback circuit, 1912, the first amplified radio reception, 2) the superheterodyne circuit, 1918, the basis of modern radio and radar, 3) superregeneration, 1922, a very simple, high-power receiver now used in emergency mobile service, and 4) frequency modulation - FM, 1933, static-free radio reception of high fidelity. More than half the files concern his many lawsuits, primarily with Radio Corporation of America, over infringement of the Armstrong patents. Litigation continued until 1967. Other files deal with his work in the Marcellus Hartley Research Laboratory at Columbia University, 1913-1935, and with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during World War I, his Air Force contracts for communications development, Army research during World War II, the Radio Club of America, the Institute of Radio Engineers, FM development at his radio station at Alpine, N.J., the use of FM in television, his involvement in Federal Communications Commission hearings and legislation, and his work with the Zenith Radio Corporation. Also, letters to H.J. Round
Ernest C. Ropes Papers, 1919-1949 0.5 linear feet
The collection consists of a small amount of correspondence (1942-1948) which revolves almost exclusively around Ernest Rope's efforts to teach Russian affairs at U.S. universities; one folder of personal documents, including letters of appointment, citations of merit, identity cards, and other items; manuscripts of articles and of a book length volume entitled "The Russia I have known;" and a diary, together with a photo-album, detailing his work in northern Russia and Estonia on behalf of the YMCA. The diary abounds with references to political and military events in northern Russia during the years 1919-1921.
Ernst Jäckh papers, 1900-1961 13 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, memorabilia, photographs, and printed materials. The correspondence consists of letters relating to the publication and review of Jäckh's books, articles, and book reviews and typescript copies of letters by Hans Jäckh. There are manuscripts for his articles, lectures and speeches as well as clipping files of book reviews and articles by and about Jäckh in the European and North American press. The bulk of the collection is written and printed in German and deals with the Balkans and the Near East before 1920, including the Balkan War of 1912-1914, and the Turkish Revolution. Of particular interest are manuscripts and articles describing his land travels between 1903 and 1913 with the German fleet and on hot air balloons. Other topics covered include the Hocjschule für Politik, German labor unions, German-European relations, European attitudes towards the United States, and his literary works. There are also some manuscripts dealing with the Balkans and the Near East during World War II. An extensive file of photographs depicts, Albania, Asia Minor, Baghdad, the Balkans, Constantinople, Genoa, the German naval fleet, the Hochschule für Politik, hot air balloons, Italy, the Mediterranean, Turkey, the Turkish Revolution, the United States, Versailles, and Weimar. There are books from Jäckh's library, some with marginal notes, some signed and inscribed to him as well as copies of his own works.
Frances Perkins papers, 1895-1965 71 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, notes, drafts of speeches, appointment books, subject files, documents, photographs, memorabilia and printed materials. There are notes from her lectures on Sociology at Adelphi College in 1911-1912; papers from 1912-1932, when Perkins served on the Commission for Safety and on the Industrial Commission of New York State; the main body of the material is from the period of her cabinet office, 1933-1945; and some items from her days on the Civil Service Commission, 1946-1953. Also included are personal and family papers.
Frank Smithwick Hogan papers, 1932-1975 18.77 linear feet
Personal correspondence, speeches, subject files, photographs, and printed and miscellaneous material of Hogan. The correspondence, speeches, and other material relate primarily to his activities as District Attorney, and to his unsuccessful campaign for the U.S. Senate, 1958. The papers also reflect Hogan's deep concern for Columbia University, as a Trustee and a member of numerous alumni committees. Among the major correspondents are Harry J. Carman, Dwight David Eisenhower, Robert F. Kennedy, Arthur Hays Sulzburger, and Herbert Bayard Swope.
Frederick L. Hoffman Papers, 1881-1989 16 linear feet
Genevieve Earle papers, 1935-1950 8 linear feet
These papers relate to her governmental activities and provide an important documentary record of her career to 1950. Included are mimeographed and typed copies of minutes of the various committees upon which she served, city bills and other municipal legislation, correspondence, memoranda, notes, etc. Earle family papers have been added. There is also a microfilm copy of Asher William Schwartz's A STUDY OF THE NEW YORK CITY COUNCIL
Helen Worden Erskine papers, 1860-1984 72 Linear Feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, drafts, notes, documents, drawings, photographs, audio tapes, clippings, and other printed materials covering every aspect of Helen Worden Erskine Cranmer's life and career. There are extensive biographical files on: Jenny S. Bradley, Prince Charles of England, Joseph Dixon, Dwight and Mamie Doud Eisenhower, Rosina Lhévinne, Paul Niehans, the Morgan twins (Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt and Thelma Morgan Converse Furness), Jovanka Tito, Harry and Bess Truman, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor; and large files on crime, recluses, New York City history, and travel. There are extensive drafts and source materials for her unpublished autobiography. There are pencil sketches, pen-and-ink drawings, watercolors, charcoal sketches, photographs, and printed copies by Helen Worden Erskine Cranmer and by others.
Henry Beetle Hough papers, 1841-1994 24 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, typescripts, research files, documents, printed materials, photographs, and memorabilia of Mr and Mrs Hough. Correspondence includes both personal and business letters, dealing with wildlife conservation, civic interests, and birding. There is some correspondence of George A. Hough, Sr., father of H.B. Hough, who was editor of the New Bedford MA Standard. Most of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically, by personal name or subject, out-going and in-coming filed together. Henry and Elizabeth Hough's correspondence, for which there are no in-coming or related letters, are filed chronologically. Cataloged correspondents include Calvin Coolidge, Max Eastman, Helen Keller, John F. Kennedy, Emily Post, and James Reston.
Herbert Lionel Matthews papers, 1909-2002, bulk 1937-1976 18 linear feet
Indusco Inc. records, 1938-1985 93 linear feet
This collection includes records from the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (CIC, 工業合作社/工业合作社), China Aid Council (CAC, 美國援華會/美国援华会), and United Service to China (USC, formerly United Relief to China/URC, 美國援華聯合會/美国援华联合会/美國援華救濟聯合會/美国援华救济联合会). The records contain correspondence of individuals who participated in the cooperative and those associated with it; typewritten reports of sub-units to the parent organization; periodicals and other publications issued in Chinese by the three regional headquarters (the early ones are probably quite rare); publications in English by these headquarters and by American committees formed to aid in the movement; mounted photographs showing the work of the cooperatives and their leaders; albums of newspaper clippings on the movement, emanating from the U.S. and abroad; maps showing locations of cooperatives; pencil sketches and watercolors of cooperatives at work; and other material concerning this important organization which was largely responsible for China's ability to feed and clothe, and care for the people during the war.
Institute of Pacific Relations records, 1927-1962 232 linear feet
The office files of the American Institute of Pacific Relations and the international Institute of Pacific Relations, containing correspondence and reports concerned with international conferences, research programs, and publications programs of both Institutes, and relating to the political, economic, and social problems in eastern and southern Asia and the South Pacific, as well as with problems of American foreign policy. There are many travel letters and on-the-spot reports relating to conditions in China, Japan, Russia, Australia, the Philippines, India, and Pakistan during the period 1933 to 1954.
Ivan I. Morris papers, 1931-1976 18 linear feet
Correrspondence, manuscripts, notes, memoranda, documents, photographs and printed materials. In addition to personal correspondence and documents, there are files of Amnesty International, the human rights organization of which Morris was American Section chairman. Also included are notes and manuscripts of Morris' studies in Japanese literature and culture, particularly relating to his many books and translations. His interest in puzzles, and compilations of several volumes of them, are reflected in notes and correspondence. Among the major correspondence are Donald Keene, Anthony Powell, Sacheverell Sitwell and Arthur Waley
Jacques Barzun papers, 1900-1999 225 linear feet
Jacques Judah Lyons papers, undated, 1705-1885, 1908, 1911-1914, 1917-1919, 1933, 1950 12.05 linear feet (14 manuscript boxes; 3 oversize boxes (11.5 x 18 x 3.25), (16.5 x 20.5 x 3), (23 x 31.5 x 3))
James Stillman papers, 1830-1955 5.5 linear feet
Papers of Stillman include over 100 items pertaining to the business enterprises of his father, Charles Stillman of Brownsville, Texas, who was engaged in shipping and trade, real estate, and railroad investment. A large portion of the collection documents of James Stillman's activities in banking, in railroad financing, and in other of his business and industrial interests. The letters, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers are representative of the entire span of his career. Included in the correspondence are letters from many prominent financiers and industrialists of his day, including many from William Rockefeller; letters from President Grover Cleveland, some personal in nature and some concerned with business transactions; nine letter books of James Stillman, covering the years 1886-1897, 1906-1918; letter books of his secretary Miss K. Bredin, 1908-1916; journals for the years 1889, 1891, 1898, 1899; bank book recording Stillman's drafts, 1911-1914, on the London firm of Baring Brothers; four diaries, 1881-1884; six notebooks; one cash and journal and one ledger, 1868-1871.
John Bates Clark papers, 1848-1955, bulk 1874-1938 7 linear feet
John Brown manuscripts, 1839-1943 11 linear feet
Material gathered by Oswald Garrison Villard in the researches for his biography JOHN BROWN, 1800-1859: A BIOGRAPHY FIFTY YEARS AFTER. A large part of the materials is copies of correspondence both contemporary and of a later period, concerning John Brown and his associates, especially in the Kansas Territory and at the Harper's Ferry raid. Of the original letters in the collection, many are from descendants and family of John Brown and the men who accompanied him on his raid. There are clippings, pamphlets, proof sheets, and other printed matter. Photographs number 181 items.
John Erskine papers, 1890-1951 40 linear feet
Correspondence relating to Erskine's various educational, musical and literary interests; manuscripts of his writings; lecture notes for college courses; souvenirs of his army service in World War I and his Columbia University professorship, and student papers from his own school and college days. Also, biographical file, scrapbooks, and articles.
John Leonard papers, 1939-2015, bulk 1950s-2008 26.5 linear feet
Joseph Freeman papers, 1920-1965 4 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, drawings, documents, photographs, clippings, and other printed materials. Most of Freeman's own letters are written to Anne Williams Feinberg, his secretary. Among the cataloged correspondence are: Sherwood Anderson, Margaret Bourke-White, Erskine Caldwell, John Dos Passos, Theodore Dreiser, Langston Hughes, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and Lincoln Steffens. There is the manuscript of his book NEVER CALL RETREAT.
Joseph L. Blau papers, 1912-1987 15 linear feet
Manuel Komroff papers, 1897-1979 23 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, and printed materials. There are manuscripts for his books, short stories, articles, and other writings. The printed materials include books written, edited, and translated by Komroff, as well as his contributions to anthologies and periodicals. There are also a number of books by other authors inscribed to him. Most of the photographs are portraits of literary figures, the majority of which were taken by Komroff.
Mary Lasker papers, 1940-1993 353 linear feet
The collection consiste of correspondence, memoranda, reports, bulletins, clippings, photographs, awards, and printed material. The files, arranged by genre and topic and reflect her philanthropic and legislative work in the areas of health, specifically cancer, heart disease, and mental health. Her civic and legislative work is covered in detail, as well as her private interests and activities.
Mira Edgerly Korzybska papers, 1850-1960 13 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, notes, diaries, documents, photographs, audio tape recordings, printed materials, scrapbooks, and sketches and drafts of portraits. Her finished portraits on ivory are cataloged separately for the Art Collection (q.v.). The collection includes her correspondence with friends and clients; manuscripts of her articles, lectures, and many unpublished autobiographical drafts; pencil sketches, watercolor drafts, and photoprints of her portraits on ivory; photographs of her family amd travels; clippings and other printed materials; and three scrapbooks of clippings and memorabilia. There is cataloged correspondence from Arnold Genthe, S.I. Hayakawa, Karen Horney, Burges Johnson, Dwight Macdonald, and Alice B. Toklas, etc.
The collection contains correspondence from N. N. Evreinov, V. A. Maklakov, P. N. Shatilov, Petr Struve, and P. N. Vrangel'; manuscripts, primarily notes and drafts of articles; and photographs. Most of the collection consists of Chebyshev's articles from the period 1921-1936. These articles are on political, cultural, and human interest subjects. There are also books, booklets, and a scrapbook.
Rabbi Samuel Porrath Papers, 1863-1992, bulk 1920-1989 13.5 Linear Feet
Robert Halsband papers, 1708-1976 46 linear feet
Personal and professional papers including correspondence, manuscripts, documents, diaries, journals, photographs, and printed materials relating to his teaching at various universities, his literary studies and writings, and his professional activities in such organizations as the Moder Language Association and P.E.N. His correspondents include contemporary authors such as Edmund Blunden, Christopher Hassall, Louis Kronenberger; scholars such as James P. Clifford, Leon Edel, and A.L. Rowse. There are also some letters collected by Halsband, including those by Mrs Piozzi, John Wilkes (1727-1797) and John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792). Among the manuscripts are notes, drafts, typescripts, and proofs of his LIFE OF LADY WORTLEY MONTAGU (Oxford, 1956) and COMPLETE LETTERS OF LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU (Oxford, 1965-1967). Also, manuscripts and typescripts of Halsband's diaries, journals, lectures, articles, book reviews, and essays. The printed materials include ephemera, books, and offprints by Halsband and books by other authors inscribed to him. There is a watercolor portrait of Halsband by Stephen Andrews, London, ca. 1966.
Samuel and Bella Spewack papers, 1920-1980 67 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, playscripts, screenplays, diaries, documents, contracts, financial records, photographs, phonograph records, motion pictures, playbills, posters, sheet music, cartoons, art work, memorabilia, scrapbooks, and printed materials. . The collection consists chiefly of correspondence and production files relating to the creation, production, and performance of their works for stage, screen, radio, and television, such as Leave It To Me and Kiss Me Kate (with music by Cole Porter), Boy Meets Girl, and My Three Angels. Correspondence (with twentieth century authors, playwrights, musicians, political figures, and actors) includes: George Abbott, Jean Arthur, Bennett Cerf, Katharine Cornell, Jo Davidson, George and Ira Gershwin, Alec Guinness, W. Averell Harriman, Lilli Lehmann, Mary Martin, Laurence Olivier, Mary Pickford, Cole Porter, Regina Resnick, Eleanor Roosevelt, Robert E. Sherwood, Lincoln Steffens, Kurt Weill, Rebecca West, and Thornton Wilder. There is also correspondence concerning Bella Spewack's work with the New York Girls' Scholarship, UNRA, and the Sports Center of Israel. In addition to the production files, there are manuscripts and typescript drafts for novels, short stories, and articles by the Spewacks.
Samuel McCune Lindsay papers, 1877-1957 80 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, reports, slides, records, film and card files, and scrapbooks. The papers reflect Lindsay's various activities and are arranged in two sequences, an alphabetical name file and an alphabetical subject file. Since many of the subjects are closely related, the division between them is not always very sharp. Among the subjects covered are: social legislation, I.L.O., National Child Labor Committee, prohibition, labor, Republican National Committee, Institute for Social Research, League of Nations, humane legislation, housing, Harmon Foundation, Educational Radio Corporation, and the Bergh Foundation. Boxes 167-169 contain the files of the Committee for Industrial Relations, 1912-1914
The papers consist of correspondence, autograph books, manuscripts, photographs and printed materials. There are letters from Mark Aldanov, Ivan Bunin, Antonin Ladinskiĭ, Vasiliĭ Nemirovich-Danchenko, Alekseĭ Remizov, Ivan Shmelev, Nadezhda Teffi and Boris Zaĭt︠s︡ev, as well as one letter each from Konstantin Balʹmont, Aleksandr Grechaninov, Vladislav Khodasevich, Aleksandr Kuprin, and Vladimir Nabokov. The autograph albums (owned by Marii︠a︡ A. Berman and Potresov) cover the years 1906-1907 and 1913-1948, respectively, and have entries by Balʹmont, Ivan Bilibin, Bunin, Nabokov, and Maksimili︠a︡n Voloshin, among others. The manuscripts include a poem by Mother Marii︠a︡ and articles, diaries, and a play by Potresov. The printed materials primarily consist of clippings of Potresov's articles in newspapers and journals. In addition to the loose clippings, there are six scrapbooks with clippings of Potresov's articles pasted in.
Tennessee Williams papers, 1920-1983 160 linear feet
Theodore Low De Vinne papers, 1850-1914 2.5 linear feet
Correspondence, documents, scrapbooks, and notes, drafts, and manuscripts of De Vinne's books, essays, and articles on printing. The collection contains much documentation relating to the Typothetae of the City of New York.
Correspondence, manuscripts, diaries, documents, subject files and printed materials of Vera Vinter and of her husband, Viktor. There are letters from Igor ́Sikorskiĭ. All the correspondence dates from 1919 to 1969. Much of it concerns Vinter's scientific work dealing with the chemical analysis of milk. The manuscripts are primarily by Viktor Vinter himself, and include a number of articles he published in Czech, German, Finnish and American scientific journals. There are several diaries, notebooks and scrapbooks relating to his scientific endeavors. Among the documents are medical statements concerning his World War I injury, passports, and two folders relating to patents. The photographs are chiefly of the Vinter family. The printed materials include journals containing articles by Vinter.
W. A. Swanberg papers, 1927-1992 36 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, notes, memoranda, notebooks, notecards, proofs, photographs, microfilms, and printed materials. The Papers include the manuscript research materials and correspondence for each of his books except his biography of Theodore Dreiser. Among the correspondents are William Benton, Bruce Catton, Carey McWilliams, Mrs. Fremont Older (Cora Miranda Baggerly Older), and Thornton Wilder.
Whitney M. Young Jr. Memorial Foundation records, 1971-1991 38 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, documents, financial records, photographs, memorabilia, and printed materials. The Foundation's correspondence files consist of letters from different organizations and foundations, including the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Social Change, The NAACP, the United Negro College Fund, the Studio Museum in Harlem, and the YWCA. Also included in this collection are community dialogues on race relations (1974-1975); proposed dialogues (1979) on such subjects as the Boy Scouts of America, Columbia University, and the National Council of Christians and Jews; and files on the Whitney M. Young Fellows Retreat Conferences (1980-1984). The collection contains many files on Ed Wilson's bust of Young (1991), including contracts and agreements, records of payments to Wilson, documents concerning the bust's placement in various locations, correspondence with Wilson (1983-1991), and miscellaneous photographs and pictures. The contributions files contain annual listings of contributions and records of contributions from the National Urban League, assorted organizations, corporations, individuals, foundations, and Philip Morris.
1992-1995 Additions: 138 volumes of his diaries, 1920-1994, have been added, as well as 12 letters from W.A. Craigie concerning new entries for the Oxford English Dictionary, 1 drawing in the style of John Leech, 2 19th century drawings, the manuscript of his "Young John of Gaunt; a poem in fourteen cantos", 22 engraved American portraits, 5 maps of the American Civil and Revolutionary Wars, 3 scrapbooks, World War I to 1976, his commonplace book, 1927-1990, several of his published books, and "The Sheriff's Prisoner", an autobiographical account of his 8 months in Brixton Prison for Obscene Libel on the publication of "Guido and the Girls", along with letters and documents re. this case.
William McMurtrie Speer papers, 1880-1936 17 linear feet
Correspondence, manuscripts, typescripts, contracts, legal briefs, patents, and other documents, music scores, cartoons, technical drawings, account books, blueprints, photographs, clippings, printed legal briefs & transcripts, proofs, scrapbooks, and other printed materials of William M. Speer.